Networking Topology
Types of Network Topology
Network Topology is the schematic description of a network
arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender and receiver) through lines of
connection.
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BUS Topology
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network
device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it
is called Linear Bus topology.
Features of Bus Topology
1. It
transmits data only in one direction.
2. Every
device is connected to a single cable
Advantages of Bus Topology
1. It
is cost effective.
2. Cable
required is least compared to other network topology.
3. Used
in small networks.
4. It
is easy to understand.
5. Easy
to expand joining two cables together.
Disadvantages of Bus
Topology
1. Cables
fails then whole network fails.
2. If
network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network
decreases.
3. Cable
has a limited length.
4. It
is slower than the ring topology.
RING Topology
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each
computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the
first. Exactly two neighbours for each device.
Features of Ring Topology
1. A
number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes,
because if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring
topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to
reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the
network.
2. The
transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2
connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.
3. In
Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposite
direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a
backup, to keep the network up.
4. Data
is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted, has
to pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.
Advantages of Ring
Topology
1. Transmitting
network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more nodes, as only the
nodes having tokens can transmit data.
2. Cheap
to install and expand
Disadvantages of Ring
Topology
1. Troubleshooting
is difficult in ring topology.
2. Adding
or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.
3. Failure
of one computer disturbs the whole network.
STAR Topology
In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a
single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes
are connected to the central node.
Features of Star Topology
1. Every
node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
2. Hub
acts as a repeater for data flow.
3. Can
be used with twisted pair, Optical Fibre or coaxial cable.
Advantages of Star Topology
1. Fast
performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
2. Hub
can be upgraded easily.
3. Easy
to troubleshoot.
4. Easy
to setup and modify.
5. Only
that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work smoothly.
Disadvantages of Star
Topology
1. Cost
of installation is high.
2. Expensive
to use.
3. If
the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on
the hub.
4. Performance
is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity
MESH Topology
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All
the network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has
n(n-1)/2
physical channels to link n
devices.
There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology,
they are :
1. Routing
2. Flooding
Routing
In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network
requirements. Like routing logic to direct the data to reach the destination
using the shortest distance. Or, routing logic which has information about the
broken links, and it avoids those node etc. We can even have routing logic, to
re-configure the failed nodes.
Flooding
In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network
nodes, hence no routing logic is required. The network is robust, and the its
very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to unwanted load over the network.
Types of Mesh Topology
1. Partial
Mesh Topology : In
this topology some of the systems are connected in the same fashion as mesh
topology but some devices are only connected to two or three devices.
2. Full
Mesh Topology : Each
and every nodes or devices are connected to each other.
Features of Mesh Topology
1. Fully
connected.
2. Robust.
3. Not
flexible.
Advantages of Mesh
Topology
1. Each
connection can carry its own data load.
2. It
is robust.
3. Fault
is diagnosed easily.
4. Provides
security and privacy.
Disadvantages of Mesh
Topology
1. Installation
and configuration is difficult.
2. Cabling
cost is more.
3. Bulk
wiring is required.
TREE Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming
a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have
three levels to the hierarchy.
Features of Tree Topology
1. Ideal
if workstations are located in groups.
2. Used
in Wide Area Network.
Advantages of Tree
Topology
1. Extension
of bus and star topologies.
2. Expansion
of nodes is possible and easy.
3. Easily
managed and maintained.
4. Error
detection is easily done.
Disadvantages of Tree
Topology
1. Heavily
cabled.
2. Costly.
3. If
more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
4. Central
hub fails, network fails.
HYBRID Topology
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two
or more topologies. For example if in an office in one department ring topology
is used and in another star topology is used, connecting these topologies will
result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).
Features of Hybrid
Topology
1. It
is a combination of two or topologies
2. Inherits
the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included
Advantages of Hybrid
Topology
1. Reliable
as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
2. Effective.
3. Scalable
as size can be increased easily.
4. Flexible.
Disadvantages of Hybrid
Topology
1. Complex
in design.
2. Costly.
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