Environment Science & Study
Environment literally means Surrounding in which we are
living. Environment includes all those things on which we are directly or
indirectly dependent for our survival, whether it is living component like
animals, plants or non living component like soil, air water.
Environmental Protection Act (1986) defined “Environment as the
sum total of water, air and land, their interrelationship among themselves and
with the human beings, other living beings and property.”
Ecology
and Scope of Ecological Studies:
Ecology is that part of environmental studies in which we study
about organisms, plants and animals and their relationship or interdependence
on other living and non living environment.
The term ‘Ecology’ is derived from Greek word ‘Oekologue’ which
is composed of two words:
(a) ‘Oekos’ means surrounding
(b) ‘Logs’ means study on a whole ecology means ‘Study of
surrounding’
The
scope of ecological study includes:
1. It deals with the study of flow of energy and materials in
the environment.
2. It deals with the study of nature and its function.
3. It deals with the exchange of various materials between the
biotic and abiotic components of environment. E.g., Biogeochemical cycles.
Meaning
Of Environmental Studies:
Environmental studies are the scientific study of the
environmental system and the status of its inherent or induced changes on
organisms. It includes not only the study of physical and biological characters
of the environment but also the social and cultural factors and the impact of
man on environment.
Objectives
and Guiding Principles of Environmental Studies:
According to UNESCO (1971), the objectives of environmental
studies are:
(a) Creating the awareness about environmental problems among
people.
(b) Imparting basic knowledge about the environment and its
allied problems.
(c) Developing an attitude of concern for the environment.
(d) Motivating public to participate in environment protection
and environment improvement.
(e) Acquiring skills to help the concerned individuals in
identifying and solving environmental problems.
(f) Striving to attain harmony with Nature.
According to UNESCO, the guiding principles of environmental
education should be as follows:
(a) Environmental education should be compulsory, right from the
primary up to the post graduate stage.
(b) Environmental education should have an interdisciplinary
approach by including physical, chemical, biological as well as socio-cultural
aspects of the environment. It should build a bridge between biology and
technology.
(c) Environmental education should take into account the
historical perspective, the current and the potential historical issues.
(d) Environmental education should emphasise the importance of
sustainable development i.e., economic development without degrading the
environment.
(e) Environmental education should emphasise the necessity of
seeking international cooperation in environmental planning.
(f) Environmental education should lay more stress on practical
activities and first hand experiences.
Scope
and Importance of Environmental Studies:
The disciplines included in environmental education are
environmental sciences, environmental engineering and environmental management.
(a) Environmental Science:
It deals with the scientific study of environmental system (air,
water, soil and land), the inherent or induced changes on organisms and the
environmental damages incurred as a result of human interaction with the
environment.
(b) Environmental Engineering:
It deals with the study of technical processes involved in the
protection of environment from the potentially deleterious effects of human
activity and improving the environmental quality for the health and well beings
of humans.
(c) Environmental Management:
It promotes due regard for physical, social and economic
environment of the enterprise or projects. It encourages planned investment at
the start of the production chain rather than forced investment in cleaning up
at the end.
It generally covers the areas as environment and enterprise
objectives, scope, and structure of the environment, interaction of nature,
society and the enterprise, environment impact assessment, economics of
pollution, prevention, environmental management standards etc.
The importance’s of environmental studies are as follows:
1. To clarify modern environmental concept like how to conserve
biodiversity.
2. To know the more sustainable way of living.
3. To use natural resources more efficiently.
4. To know the behaviour of organism under natural conditions.
5. To know the interrelationship between organisms in
populations and communities.
6. To aware and educate people regarding environmental issues
and problems at local, national and international levels.
Need
of Public Awareness about Environment:
In today’s world because of industrialization and increasing
population, the natural resources has been rapidly utilised and our environment
is being increasingly degraded by human activities, so we need to protect the
environment.
It is not only the duty of government but also the people to
take active role for protecting the environment, so protecting our environment
is economically more viable than cleaning it up once, it is damaged.
The role of mass media such as newspapers, radio, television,
etc is also very important to make people aware regarding environment. There
are various institutions, which are playing positive role towards environment
to make people aware regarding environment like BSI (Botanical Survey of India,
1890), ZSI (Zoological Survey of India, 1916), WII (Wild Life Institute of
India, 1982) etc.
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NEBOSH Environmental Management