E-Governance Architecture
E-Governance Portal
is built based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Service Oriented Architecture
(SOA) may be defined as a group of services that communicate with each other through
data-passing or two or more services coordinating some activity. SOA builds
applications out of web / software services. Services comprise un-associated
units of functionality that have no calls to each other embedded in them. They
typically implement functionality most citizens would recognize as a service,
such as filling out an online application for a driver’s license, viewing an
online electronic form, or submitting a grievance or query. To meet an existing
or new business requirement, services are linked and sequenced in a process
known as orchestration.
Web services make
these functional building blocks accessible over standard internet protocols independent
of platforms and programming languages. These services can be new applications
or just wrapped
around existing legacy systems to make them network-enabled. Usage of
Extensible Markup Language (XML) aids various department portals in sharing structured
data, especially via the internet, to encode documents, and to serialize data. The
departments that are to be integrated with the E-Governance Portal need to
interact with the portal and to each other for seamless delivery of information
/ services to citizens. The interactions between these departments are proposed
to be done using industry’s widely accepted and adopted Service Oriented
Architecture (SOA) framework. The interoperability is built by using Middleware
on XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and web services standards. Using SOA
framework, the services at E-Governance Portal would be exposed using the web
services, and some
can be consumed by various departments on demand basis. All the service will be realized by the technology platform,
which has the following architectural building blocks:
• Web server
• Application server
• Middleware
Client
Layer
Citizens, CSCs, and
government are the stakeholders of the E-Governance Portal solution that forms
the client layer. The client layer constitutes the web client, which is
normally the web browser. The stakeholders can receive the
information/deliverables by the services through channel delivery services. Desktop,
IVRS, and CSC users directly access the E-Governance Portal through internet
over HTTP/HTTPS protocol. Requests from mobile users will be processed using
mobile switch, which, in turn, forwards requests to WAP gateway where WML will
translate into HTML that will forward to E-Governance Portal web server.
Channel
Delivery Layer
Channel delivery
services contain the secured gateway services, which handle the number of transactions
across the entire network. The various secured gateways that are used are XML gateway,
SMS gateway, SMTP gateway, Web gateway, etc.
Presentation
Layer
Presentation services
handle the user management, personalization features. Based on the type of user
logged in, the layer routes the request to the respective services of the
business service layer of the E-Governance Portal solution.
·
Web
The Web Portal
provides information for the stakeholders over internet using a web browser. There
will be certain sections of the portal which will be accessible to all the
users, which is referred to as the “public” part of the E-Governance Portal and
certain sections which can beaccessed only by authorized users referred to as
the “protected” part of the portal. The Egovernance Portal solution would
support multi-lingual content, and pages will be displayed in the language
selected by user.
·
Personalization
Personalization
component provides stakeholders to customize their preferences for better user experience.
Personalization covers the ability for a user to influence their experiences.
Security
Layer
The secure proxy
server intercepts stakeholders whenever they request to access the secured information.
URL will be routed to this component where it will challenge (User Id and
Password)
the user for
authentication if user accesses the secured information.
Business
Logic Layer
·
Business Services
The business services
will provide required services for its stakeholders. These services will be provided
by government and various applications and consumed by government departments using
service communication components.
·
User Management
The user management
function addresses how identities and users are created, maintained, or
revoked on
termination.
·
Self-Service
Self-Service
component will provide interface to citizens to manage their own profile
information,
such as user
registration, reset passwords, update contact information, and request for
accessing
government services,
if required, etc.
·
Content Management Services
Portal solution has a
large number of content objects and documents. It manages the complete
lifecycle of all
content objects. Content generators create information that is stored and
managed
in electronic or
manual record form.
·
Workflow Services
Workflow services
capture input data, standard processes, and business rules for processing data
for a pre-defined output. Workflow service addresses the application
submission, status tracking, and verification of documents, and availability of
service.
·
Search
The E-Governance
Portal solution will have a search component to provide quick access to information,
including documents, HTML pages, images, audio files, video files, etc.
·
Notifications
The E-Governance
Portal will have the facility to send notifications – alerts to its registered
users. Users should be able to subscribe for some of the services like SMS,
News, etc. For updates in these services, subscribed users of Portal will get
notifications by email.
Infrastructure
Services Layer
The E-Governance Portal
would contain the following list of utility services to maintain and manage the
E-Governance Portal application.
• Application logging
• Exception handling
• Notifications
Data
Layer
·
Database Server
E-Governance Portal
application will use Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) for persistent
store of structured data.
·
Document Repository
Static content of
E-Governance Portal such as documents, PDF files, images, audio/video files,
etc., would be stored
in document repository. These files should not be stored in database.
·
Directory Server
The directory server
of E-Governance Portal contains profile information of stakeholders, roles,
application level
ACLs (Access Control Lists), service level access control list, etc. This
directory
server should be made
accessible using LDAP.
Integration
Layer
Service
Communication Infrastructure
Middleware as a
messaging acts as an intelligent hub and routes service requests from a service
seeker (service access provider) to a service provider (typically a back end
government department that puts up its service for electronic delivery) and in
return sends the response back to the service seeker through the gateway.
The gateway achieves
integration among diverse set of applications built on varying platforms based
on open standards such as the W3C XML and SOAP specifications.
Management
and Monitoring Layer
·
Application / Network / Infrastructure Management
Infrastructure
components of E-Governance Portal will manage and monitor the health of the application,
network, hardware, software, etc., to manage standard architectural
requirements.
Following are list of
components that should be monitored:
• CPU usage
• Hard disk usage
• Network bandwidth
• E-Mail server
• Print server
• File server
·
Integration to Various Departments
Integration strategy
in e-governance is very critical as most of the departments might have built their
own application and run in silo form. These departments need to be integrated
to the Egovernance Portal to achieve better citizen service.
The E-Governance
Portal works as a single source of information for all government content, and provides
front end or start point for all the government services provided by the
various government departments. The functionality of departmental applications
and services provided by the departments is made accessible on E-Governance
Portal as services using web services technologies. Web service based
implementation of transactional government services will make them reusable,
easy to integrate, interoperable and easily accessible.
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