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Wednesday 31 August 2016

Demography

Demography can be defined as the general science of studying human population. It is the statistics of the population that is subjected to spatio-temporal change in accordance with aging, birth, death, migration etc. The demography of any place helps to gather information about the population, religion, language and ethnicity of that place.


Demography of India


India demographics occupy 2nd rank among the world's most populated countries. With its current population of more than 1.21 billion people (As per Census of India 2011), the country is estimated to surpass China and be the leading populous country in the world. The total population of the nation is growing at the rate of 1.41 %. Similar to any other demography, Indian demography even projects varied information regarding the country. Let us have a quick look at the information, which can be gathered from the demography of our nation as provided in the report published by the Census Operations of India post Census 2011:

Population:
  • Total: 1, 210, 193, 422
  • Females: 5, 86, 469, 174
  • Males: 6, 23, 724, 248
Density of Population: 382 per sq. km.
Decadal growth (2001 - 2011):
 1, 81, 455, 986
Decadal growth rate (2001 - 2011):
 17.64 %
Birth rate:
 20.97 births/ 1, 000 population 
Growth rate:
 1.344 % 
Death rate:
 7.48 deaths/ 1, 000 populations 
Fertility rate:
 2.62 children born/ woman 

Infant mortality rate:
  • Total: 47.57 deaths/ 1, 000 live births
  • Female: 49.14 deaths/ 1, 000 live births
  • Male: 46.18 deaths/ 1, 000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:
  • Total: 66.8 years
  • Female: 67.95 years
  • Male: 65.77 years
Age structure:
  • 65 years and over: 5.5 % (Male: 30, 831, 190 and Female: 33, 998, 613)
  • 15 years to 64 years: 64.9 % (Male: 3, 98, 757, 331 and Female: 3, 72, 719, 379)
  • 0 years to 14 years: 29.7 % (Male: 1, 87, 450, 635 and Female: 1, 65, 415, 758)
Median age:
  • Total: 26.2 years
  • Female: 26.9 years
  • Male: 25.6 years
Sex ratio:
  • Total: 1 female/ 1.08 males
  • 65 years and over: 1 female/ 0.91 male
  • 15-64 years: 1 female/ 1.07 males
  • Below 15 years: 1 female/ 1.13 males
  • At birth: 1 female/ 1.12 males
Literacy:
  • Total: 77, 84, 54, 120
  • Females: 33, 42, 50, 358
  • Males: 44, 42, 03, 762
Literacy rate:
  • Total: 74.04 %
  • Females: 65.46 %
  • Males: 82.14 %
Net migration rate: -0.05 migrant/ 1, 000 population


Indian States and Union Territories Population, Area and Density 


The state-wise details of
 India's population and area can be gathered from the following table:

Name of state
Area in sq. km.
Population (As per Census 2011)
Density per sq. km.
Andhra Pradesh
2, 75, 045
84, 665, 533
308
Arunachal Pradesh
83, 743
1, 382, 611
17
Assam
78, 438
31, 169, 272
397
Bihar
94, 163
1, 03, 804, 637
1, 102
Chhattisgarh
1, 35, 191
25, 540, 196
189
Goa
3, 702
1, 457, 723
394
Gujarat
1, 96, 024
60, 383, 628
308
Haryana
44, 212
25, 353, 081
573
Himachal Pradesh
55, 673
6, 856, 509
123
Jammu and Kashmir
2, 22, 236
12, 548, 926
56
Jharkhand
79, 714
32, 966, 238
414
Karnataka
1, 91, 791
61, 130, 704
319
Kerala
38, 863
33, 387, 677
859
Madhya Pradesh
3, 08, 245
72, 597, 565
236
Maharashtra
3, 07, 713
1, 12, 372, 972
365
Manipur
22, 327
2, 721, 756
122
Meghalaya
22, 429
2, 964, 007
132
Mizoram
21, 081
1, 091, 014
52
Nagaland
16, 579
1,980,602
119
Orissa
1, 55, 707
41, 947, 358
269
Punjab
50, 362
27, 704, 236
550
Rajasthan
3, 42, 239
68, 621, 012
201
Sikkim
7, 096
6, 07, 688
86
Tamil Nadu
1, 30, 058
72, 138, 958
555
Tripura
10, 486
3, 671, 032
350
Uttar Pradesh
2, 40, 928
1, 99, 581, 520
828
Uttarakhand
53, 483
10, 116, 752
189
West Bengal
88, 752
91, 347, 736
1, 030


The below mentioned table provides us information regarding the Union Territory wise details of
 India's area and population: 

Name of Union Territory
Area in sq. km.
Population (As per Census 2011)
Density per sq. km.
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
8, 249
3, 79, 944
119
Chandigarh
114
1, 054, 686
23, 970
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
491
3, 42, 853
1, 808
Daman and Diu
112
2, 42, 911
5, 623
Delhi
11, 297
16, 753, 235
29, 258
Lakshadweep
32
64, 429
5, 196
Puducherry
479
1, 244, 464
6, 730



Religious demography of India


The country of
 India has got the largest portion of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Jains, Sikhs and Budhist residing in the world. The nation even houses world's third-biggest Muslim population. Though the prevalence of religious communities vary from one state or Union Territory to another, still some places are known for being home to any particular religious group. These groups are as follows: 


  • States or Union Territories with majority of Muslim population: Lakshadweep and Jammu and Kashmir.
  • States or Union Territories with majority of Christian population: Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.
  • States or Union Territories with majority of Sikh population: Punjab.
The below-mentioned table can help us in gathering an overall idea about the religious demography of India's per Census 2001: 

Composition
Hindus
Muslims
Christians
Sikhs
Buddhist
Jains
Others (Jews, Baha'is and Parsis)
% total of population 2001
80.50 %
13.40 %
2.30 %
1.90 %
0.80 %
0.40 %
0.60 %
10 Yr Growth% (Est. ' 91 to ' 01)
20.30 %
29.50 %
22.60 %
18.20 %
24.50 %
26.00 %
103.10 %
Child sex ratio (0 to 6 yrs)
925
950
964
786
942
870
976
Urban sex ratio
922
907
1, 026
886
944
941
966
Rural sex ratio
944
953
1, 001
895
958
937
995
Total sex ratio (Avg. 944)
935
940
1, 009
895
955
940
1, 000
Literacy rate (71.7 % for Age 7 & above)
75.5 %
60 %
90.3 %
70.4 %
73 %
95 %
50 %



Linguistic Demography of India 


Hindi, being the national language of the country, most the
 Indians speaks Hindi language. However, the dialects and languages spoken in the nation again vary from place to place and community to community. Indiahas got a total of 1, 652 dialects and languages. Census of India, 2001 shows the following details about the linguistic demography of the Indian Republic:

Language
Speakers
Percentage
Assamese
13, 168, 484
1.28 %
Bengali
83, 369, 769
8.11 %
Bhili/Bhilodi
9, 582, 957
0.93 %
Bodo
1, 350, 478
0.13 %
Dogri
2, 282, 589
0.22 %
Gondi
2, 713, 790
0.26 %
Gujarati
46, 091, 617
4.48 %
Hindi dialects
4, 22, 048, 642
41.03 %
Ho
1, 042, 724
0.10 %
Kannada
37, 924, 011
3.69 %
Kashmiri
5, 527, 698
0.54 %
Khandeshi
2, 075, 258
0.20 %
Khasi
1, 128, 575
0.11 %
Konkani
2, 489, 015
0.24 %
Kurukh
1, 751, 489
0.17 %
Maithili
12, 179, 122
1.18 %
Malayalam
33, 066, 392
3.21 %
Marathi
71, 936, 894
6.99 %
Manipuri (Meitei)
1, 466, 705
0.14 %
Mundari
1, 061, 352
0.11 %
Nepali
2, 871, 749
0.28 %
Odia
33, 017, 446
3.21 %
Punjabi
29, 102, 477
2.83 %
Santali
6, 469, 600
0.63 %
Sindhi
2, 535, 485
0.25 %
Tamil
60, 793, 814
5.91 %
Telugu
74, 002, 856
7.19 %
Tulu
1, 722, 768
0.17 %
Urdu
51, 536, 111
5.01 %


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